A comparison of the substance use related risk and protective factor profiles for American Indian and White American youth: a mixed studies review.

Background: American Indian youth are disproportionately impacted by substance use compared to White American youth in the United States. This mixed studies review focused on gathering data to examine the similarities and differences between the risk and protective factor profiles for substance use among American Indian and White American youth aged 10-21. Methods: A scan of the existing literature was needed to review substance use related risk and protective factors for American Indian and White American youth. Search phrases were created to ensure maximum relevant results from existing literature through 2021. After deduplication, an appraisal tool was utilized to review 343 records. A total of 19 articles were deemed relevant. Data from relevant articles was recorded and categorized into the levels of the Social Ecological Model. Results: Significant and salient risk and protective factors of substance use for both American Indian and White American youth presented at the individual, interpersonal (family/non-family), and community levels of the Social Ecological Model. A total of 84 factors were found from relevant articles, 55 risk factors and 29 protective factors. When comparing the American Indian and White American youth profiles, a total of 29 unique differences between American Indian (n = 21) and White American youth (n = 8) were identified. Discussion: Results from this review can be utilized to inform Tribal leaders, stakeholders, and policymakers, which will ultimately influence health intervention strategies and prioritizations. Given the limited evidence though, researchers should be responsive to Tribal communities' call to action for utilizing a culturally rooted approach.

Health Index Estimation of Wind Power Plant Using Neurofuzzy Modeling.

According to the Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) in the 2019-20 academic year, the wind power plant produces 23% of the biomass power supply in the Indian electrical commodities. To maintain the power withstanding capability needed for future electrical commodities, a yearly power shutdown program is implemented. An additional wind power plant unit will be erected and create more electricity, thereby balancing India's commercial electricity needs. Even in a nonstationary working environment, continuous monitoring and analyzing the efficiency of wind turbines is a more difficult task. Consequently, in this paper, a health index calculation for wind power plants is proposed utilizing neurofuzzy (NF) modeling. Wind generator efficiency can be measured mathematically by recording three crucial primitivistic such as observed rotation speed, generation wound temperature, and gearbox heat. Fuzzy rules are used to design the parameters of the neural network (NN), and the accumulated signal is compared using the nonlinear extrapolation approach to determine the wind generator's behavior and evaluate the hazards. During the experimental study, two windows of 24 hours and 60 hours are used, where the deviation signal required for the hazard induction is investigated. The proposed approach can accurately calculate the wind generator's health state. As a result of an improved health operating and management (HOM) system, the amount of power generated by industrials and domestic appliances has increased dramatically.

Quantum chemical calculation, performance of selective antimicrobial activity using molecular docking analysis, RDG and experimental (FT-IR, FT-Raman) investigation of 4-[{2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-propan-2-yl) phenyl)-4, 5-dihydro- 1H- pyrazol-1-yl]-4-oxo-1, 3- thiazol-5(4H)-ylidene} methyl] benzonitrile.

The research received a great deal of worldwide attention due to the nature of interpretation before the experimental process. Based on the systematic process the structure of thiazole -pyrazole compound 4-[{2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-propan-2-yl) phenyl)-4, 5-dihydro- 1H- pyrazol-1-yl]-4-oxo-1, 3- thiazol-5(4H)-ylidene} methyl] benzonitrile [CPTBN] was investigated. In the first level, the spectral statistics on experimental FT-IR and FT- Raman was reported. At the next level, geometrical parameters was theoretically acquired from density functional theory (DFT) using B3LPY/6-31G and 6-311G basis set. The computed Wavenumber were collected and compared with the experimental data. The vibrational modes were interpreted in terms of potential energy distribution (PED) results. The FMO, MEP, and NBO analysis further validated the electrophilic and nucleophilic interaction in the molecular systems. Two grams-positive bacteria: staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two gram-negative bacteria: Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed for antibacterial activity. Two fungal strain Candida albicans and Aspergillus Niger was carried out against a ligand using anti-fungal activity. The molecular docking analysis explores the antimicrobial and selective potential inhibitory nature of the binding molecule. Besides, RDG and ELF analysis were also performed to show the nature of interactions between the molecule.

(2E)-2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one single crystal: Synthesis, growth, crystal structure, spectral characterization, biological evaluation and binding interactions with SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

A new α-Tetralone based chalcone compound, (2E)-2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one (EBDN) has been synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of α-Tetralone (1) with 4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde (2) in basic medium. Then it was allowed to grow through slow evaporation solution growth technique. The molecular structure of grown EBDN has been systematically characterized by SCXRD, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies. The micro-hardness, thermal (TGA & DTA) and photoluminence studies of the synthesized EBDN were also examined. The EBDN was screened for its anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anti-oxidant activity. It has shown admirable anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity. Protein-Ligand interactions of EBDN with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB code: 6yb7) also performed.

Crystal structure of (4-chloro-phen-yl)(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)methanone.

The title compound, C13H16ClNO, contains a methyl-piperidine ring in the stable chair conformation. The mean plane of the twisted piperidine ring subtends a dihedral angle of 39.89 (7)° with that of the benzene ring. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules along the a-axis direction to form infinite mol-ecular chains. H⋯H inter-atomic inter-actions, C-H⋯O inter-molecular inter-actions and weak dispersive forces stabilize mol-ecular packing and form a supra-molecular network, as established by Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Topological analysis (BCP) of vibrational spectroscopic studies, docking, RDG, DSSC, Fukui functions and chemical reactivity of 2-methylphenylacetic acid.

Experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 2-methylphenylacetic acid (MPA) were recorded and theoretical values are also analyzed. The non-linear optical (NLO) properties were evaluated by determination of first (5.5053×10-30 e.s.u.) and second hyper-polarizabilities (7.6833×10-36 e.s.u.) of the title compound. The Multiwfn package is used to find the weak non-covalent interaction (Van der Wall interaction) and strong repulsion (steric effect) of the molecule and examined by reduced density gradient. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis used to find the most reactive sites for the electrophilic and nucleophilic attack. The chemical activity (electronegativity, hardness, chemical softness and chemical potential) of the title compound was predicted with the help of HOMO-LUMO energy values. The natural bond orbital (NBO) has been analyzed the stability of the molecule arising from the hyper-conjugative interaction. DSSCs were discussed in structural modifications that improve the electron injection efficiency of the title compound (MPA). The Fukui functions are calculated in order to get information associated with the local reactivity properties of the title compound. The binding sites of the two receptors were reported by molecular docking field and active site bond distance is same 1.9Å. The inhibitor of the title compound forms a stable complex with 1QYV and 2H1K proteins at the binding energies are -5.38 and -5.85 (∆G in kcal/mol).

Crystal structure of [4-(chloro-meth-yl)phen-yl](4-hy-droxy-piperidin-1-yl)methanone.

The title compound, C13H16ClNO2, crystallized with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit (A and B). The piperidinol ring in mol-ecule B is disordered over two positions with a site occupancy ratio of 0.667 (5):0.333 (5). In both mol-ecules these rings have a chair conformation, including the minor component in mol-ecule B. Their mean planes are inclined to the benzene ring by 45.57 (13)° in mol-ecule A, and by 50.5 (4)° for the major component of the piperidine ring in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, the individual mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains of A and B mol-ecules along the [100] direction. The chains are inter-linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons.

Crystal structure of (4-hy-droxy-piperidin-1-yl)[4-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]methanone.

The title compound, C13H14NO2F3, crystallises with two mol-ecules, A and B, in the asymmetric unit, with similar conformations. The dihedral angles between the piperidine and phenyl rings are 83.76 (2) and 75.23 (2)° in mol-ecules A and B, respectively. The bond-angle sums around the N atoms [359.1 and 359.7° for mol-ecules A and B, respectively] indicate sp (2) hybridization for these atoms. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into separate [100] chains of A and B mol-ecules. The chains are cross-linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions, generating alternating (001) sheets of A and B mol-ecules.

Crystal structure of (4-hy-droxy-piperidin-1-yl)(4-methyl-phen-yl)methanone.

In the title compound, C13H17NO2, the dihedral angle between the planes of the piperidine and benzene rings is 51.7 (2)°. The bond-angle sum around the N atom [359.8 (3)°] indicates sp (2) hybridization of the atom. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming chains along [001].

Crystal structure of the adduct (4-chloro-phen-yl)(4-hy-droxy-piperidin-1-yl)methanone-(4-chloro-phen-yl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone (0.75/0.25).

In the title compound, 0.75C12H14ClNO2·0.25C12H14ClNO, which is an adduct comprising 0.75 4-hy-droxy-piperidin-1-yl or 0.25 4-piperidin-1-yl substituents on a common (4-chloro-phen-yl)methanone component; the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the two piperidine rings are 51.6 (3) and 89.5 (7)°, respectively. The hy-droxy-piperidine ring is in a bis-ectional oriention (bi) with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the hy-droxy-piperidine group and the keto O atom lead to the formation of chains extending along the c- axis direction.

Crystal structure of 2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine hemihydrate.

The title compound, C12H18N2·0.5H2O, crystallizes with two independent organic mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, together with a water mol-ecule of crystallization. The diazepine rings in each mol-ecule have a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between benzene ring and the mean plane of the diazepine ring is 21.15 (12)° in mol-ecule A and 17.42 (11)° in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains propagating along [001].

Crystal structure of (E)-1-(1-hy-droxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(2,3,4-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

The title compound, C22H20O5, is composed of a hy-droxy-naphthyl ring and a tri-meth-oxy-phenyl ring [the planes of which are inclined to one another by 21.61 (10)°] bridged by an unsaturated prop-2-en-1-one group. The mean plane of the prop-2-en-1-one group [-C(=O)-C=C-] is inclined to that of the naphthyl system and benzene rings by 3.77 (14) and 18.01 (16)°, respectively. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond present forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, inversion-related mol-ecules are linked by a slipped-parallel π-π inter-action [inter-centroid distance = 3.8942 (13) Å, inter-planar distance = 3.478 (9) Šand slippage = 1.751 Å], and stack along the [101] direction. There are no other significant inter-molecular inter-actions present.

Crystal structure of bis-(prop-2-yn-1-yl) 5-nitro-isophthalate.

The whole mol-ecule of the title compound, C14H9NO6, is generated by twofold rotation symmetry; the twofold axis bis-ects the nitro group and the benzene ring. The nitro group is inclined to the benzene ring by 14.42 (9)°. The prop-2-yn-1-yl groups are inclined to the benzene ring by 13 (2)° and to each other by 24 (3)°; one directed above the plane of the benzene ring and the other below. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R 2 (2)(18) ring motif. The dimers are linked by further C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (100).

Conformational stability, spectroscopic and computational studies, HOMO-LUMO, NBO, ESP analysis, thermodynamic parameters of natural bioactive compound with anticancer potential of 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone.

Natural product drugs play a dominant role in pharmaceutical care. Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutic candidate compounds as a tremendous chemical diversity is found in millions of species of plants, animals, marine organism and micro-organism. A antifungal activity against important opportunist micro-organism and against those involved in superficial mycosis, all from nosocomial origin. The acute in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of each anthraquinone (AQ) isolated from these bioactive extracts, on a mammalian eukaryotic cell line (Vero cells), allowed us to establish the non-cytotoxic concentration range, which was used to evaluate the anti-microbial effect. A comprehensive ab initio calculation using the DFT/6-31+G(d) level theory showed that 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone can exist in four possible conformations, which can interchange through the OH group on the five-membered ring. Density functional theory calculations were used to predict the vibrational frequencies and to help in normal mode, assignments. Furthermore, a natural bond orbital analysis was performed describing each hydrogen bond as donor accepter interaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (4000-400 cm(-1)) and the Fourier transform Raman spectra (3500-100 cm(-1)) of the HMA in the solid space have been recorded. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The calculated ESP contour map shows the electrophilic and nucleophilic region of the molecule.

Crystal structure of 3-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2,3-di-hydro-1H-naphtho-[2,1-b]pyran-1-one.

In the title compound, C20H16O3, the hydro-pyran ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation with the methine C atom and the ring O atom displaced by -0.554 (2) and 0.158 (1) Å, respectively, from the plane of the other four atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.020 Å). Its mean plane (all atoms) is inclined to the naphthalene ring system at a dihedral angle of 11.67 (1)°. The dihedral angle between the napthalene ring system and the phenyl ring is 71.84 (1)°. In the crystal, no diectional inter-actions beyond van der Waals contacts could be identified.

Crystal structure of 4-methyl-N-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)eth-yl]benzamide monohydrate.

In the title compound, C15H22N2O·H2O, the dihedral angle between the planes of the piperidine and benzene rings is 31.63 (1)°. The piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The water solvent mol-ecule is involved in inter-species O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, giving rise to chains extending along [010].

Crystal structure of (E)-3-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1-(1-hy-droxy-naphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C21H18O4, consists of a 3,4-di-meth-oxy-phenyl ring and a naphthalene ring system linked via a prop-2-en-1-one spacer. The mol-ecule is almost planar, with a dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring system of 2.68 (12)°. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the adjacent hy-droxy and carbonyl groups. The mol-ecule has an E conformation about the C=C bond and the carbonyl group is syn with respect to the C=C bond. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by bifurcated C-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, enclosing an R 2 (1)(6) ring motif, and by a further C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming undulating sheets extending in b- and c-axis directions. There are π-π inter-actions between the sheets, involving inversion-related naphthalene and benzene rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.7452 (17) Å], forming a three-dimensional structure.

Crystal structure of 2-chloro-1-(3-ethyl-2,6-di-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl)ethanone.

In the racemic title compound, C21H24ClNO, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene rings is 86.52 (14)° and those between the benzene rings and the piperidine ring are 61.66 (14) and 86.39 (14)°. The piperidine ring adopts a twisted boat conformation. No directional inter-actions could be detected in the crystal.

2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde derived Schiff bases as small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors: rational identification of a new anticancer lead.

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that heals diverse array of biomolecules ranging from multiple oncogenic proteins to the ones responsible for development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover they are over-expressed in cancer cells as a complex with co-chaperones and under-expressed in normal cells as a single free entity. Hence inhibitors of Hsp90 will be more effective and selective in destroying cancer cells with minimum chances of acquiring resistance to them. In continuation of our goal to rationally develop effective small molecule azomethines against Hsp90, we designed few more compounds belonging to the class of 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde derived imines (1-13) with our validated docking protocol. The molecules exhibiting good docking score were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, (1)H NMR and mass spectral analysis. Subsequently, they were evaluated for their potential to suppress Hsp90 ATPase activity by Malachite green assay. The antiproliferative effect of the molecules were examined on PC3 prostate cancer cell lines by adopting 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay methodology. Finally, schiff base 13 emerged as the lead molecule for future design and development of Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents.

Crystal structure of 4-chloro-N-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)eth-yl]benzamide monohydrate.

In the title compound, C14H19ClN2O2·H2O, the piperdine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the piperidine ring and that of the phenyl ring is 41.64 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water mol-ecule, forming double-stranded chains propagating along [010].